Psycho Social Developmental Theory of Erik Erikson

    Erik Erikson, known as the father of developmental psychology, proposed psychosocial development in 1963, describing it as a stage in which people’s perceptions of themselves as individuals and in connection to society change. 

The first four of those eight stages are entirely devoted to childhood. Trust vs mistrust is the initial stage. This stage spans from birth to one year of age. Depending on whether their immediate needs are addressed, new born in this stage develop either a trusting or a mistrusting relationship with the outside world. Autonomy vs. shame is the second stage of psychosocial theory. This stage includes children who are between the ages of eighteen months and three years. Children develop independence and autonomy throughout this stage under the condition that they are allowed to freely explore their surroundings. Children may develop self-doubt in this situation due to overbearing or nervous parents who have too much control over their behavior. The third stage is called initiative vs. guilt. Children between the ages of three and six are belonging to this stage. Children at this period actively seek out new experiences as a means of expanding their worldview. These initiations’ unintended repercussions could leave one feeling guilty. Industry vs. Inferiority is the final stage of childhood in the context of Erikson’s psychosocial development. The children those who are from six year to twelve years seek to become industrious in all areas of life, from school to interpersonal relationship. Failure of this stage may bring about a sense of inferiority.